Properties which are native to analyzers

Usage:compat(Prop)

Use Prop as a compatibility property. Normally used with types. See the discussion in Declaring regular types.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)compat(Prop) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:instance(Prop)

Use Prop as an instantiation property. Normally used with types. See the discussion in Declaring regular types.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)instance(Prop) is not checked during run-time checking.

X contains all sharing sets [JL88,MH89] which specify the possible variable occurrences in the terms to which the variables involved in the clause may be bound. Sharing sets are a compact way of representing groundness of variables and dependencies between variables. This representation is however generally difficult to read for humans. For this reason, this information is often translated to ground/1, indep/1 and indep/2 properties, which are easier to read.

Usage:mshare(X)

The sharing pattern for the variables in the clause is X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/2)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP as sharing(X).
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)mshare(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

Test:mshare(L)

• If the following properties hold at call time:
  (term_basic:= /2)term_basic:L=[[A],[p(A)]]
  then the following properties should hold globally:
  (native_props:fails/1)Calls of the form mshare(L) fail.

Test:mshare(L)

• If the following properties hold at call time:
  (term_basic:= /2)term_basic:L=[[A],[p(B)]]
  then the following properties should hold globally:
  (native_props:not_fails/1)All the calls of the form mshare(L) do not fail.

(True) Usage:indep(X,Y)

X and Y do not have variables in common.

• The following properties hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/2)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP as indep([[X,Y]]).

(True) Usage:indep(X)

The variables in the the pairs in X are pairwise independent.

• The following properties hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/2)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP as indep(X).

All variables occuring in X occur also in Y. Used by the non-strict independence-based annotators.

(True) Usage:covered(X,Y)

X is covered by Y.

• The following properties hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.

X is bound to a term which is linear, i.e., if it contains any variables, such variables appear only once in the term. For example, [1,2,3] and f(A,B) are linear terms, while f(A,A) is not.

(True) Usage:linear(X)

X is instantiated to a linear term.

• The following properties hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.

Usage:nonground(X)

X is not ground.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/2)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP as not_ground(X).

X is a set of variables of interest, much the same as a sharing group but X represents all the sharing groups in the powerset of those variables. Similar to a sharing group, a clique is often translated to ground/1, indep/1, and indep/2 properties.

Usage:clique(X)

The clique sharing pattern is X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/2)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP as clique(X).
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)clique(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

X is a set of variables of interest, much the same as a sharing group but X represents all the sharing groups in the powerset of those variables but disregarding the singletons. Similar to a sharing group, a clique_1 is often translated to ground/1, indep/1, and indep/2 properties.

Usage:clique_1(X)

The 1-clique sharing pattern is X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/2)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP as clique_1(X).
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)clique_1(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

All calls of the form X are deterministic, i.e., produce at most one solution (or do not terminate). In other words, if X succeeds, it can only succeed once. It can still leave choice points after its execution, but when backtracking into these, it can only fail or go into an infinite loop. This property is inferred and checked natively by CiaoPP using the domains and techniques of [LGBH05,LGBH10].

Usage:is_det(X)

All calls of the form X are deterministic.

All calls of the form X are non-deterministic, i.e., they always produce more than one solution.

Usage:non_det(X)

All calls of the form X are non-deterministic.

Non-determinism is not ensured for calls of the form X. In other words, nothing can be ensured about determinacy of such calls. This is the default when no information is given for a predicate, so this property does not need to be stated explicitly.

Usage:possibly_nondet(X)

Non-determinism is not ensured for calls of the form X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)possibly_nondet(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

For any call of the form X at most one clause succeeds, i.e., clauses are pairwise exclusive. Note that determinacy is the transitive closure (to all called predicates) of this property. This property is inferred and checked natively by CiaoPP using the domains and techniques of [LGBH05,LGBH10].

Usage:mut_exclusive(X)

For any call of the form X at most one clause succeeds.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:rtcheck/2)The runtime check of this property is unimplemented.

For calls of the form X more than one clause may succeed. I.e., clauses are not disjoint for some call.

Usage:not_mut_exclusive(X)

For some calls of the form X more than one clause may succeed.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:rtcheck/2)The runtime check of this property is unimplemented.

Mutual exclusion of the clauses for calls of the form X cannot be ensured. This is the default when no information is given for a predicate, so this property does not need to be stated explicitly.

Usage:possibly_not_mut_exclusive(X)

Mutual exclusion is not ensured for calls of the form X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)possibly_not_mut_exclusive(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

Calls of the form X produce at least one solution (succeed), or do not terminate. This property is inferred and checked natively by CiaoPP using the domains and techniques of [DLGH97,BLGH04].

(True) Usage:not_fails(X)

All the calls of the form X do not fail.

• The following properties hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.

Usage:succeeds(Prop)

A call to Prop succeeds.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)succeeds(Prop) is not checked during run-time checking.

Calls of the form X fail.

(True) Usage:fails(X)

Calls of the form X fail.

• The following properties hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.

Non-failure is not ensured for any call of the form X. In other words, nothing can be ensured about non-failure nor termination of such calls.

Usage:possibly_fails(X)

Non-failure is not ensured for calls of the form X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)possibly_fails(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

For any call of the form X there is at least one clause whose test (guard) succeeds (i.e., all the calls of the form X are covered). Note that nonfailure is the transitive closure (to all called predicates) of this property. [DLGH97,BLGH04].

Usage:covered(X)

All the calls of the form X are covered.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:rtcheck/2)The runtime check of this property is unimplemented.

There is some call of the form X for which there is no clause whose test succeeds [DLGH97].

Usage:not_covered(X)

Not all of the calls of the form X are covered.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:rtcheck/2)The runtime check of this property is unimplemented.

Covering is not ensured for any call of the form X. In other words, nothing can be ensured about covering of such calls.

Usage:possibly_not_covered(X)

Covering is not ensured for calls of the form X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)possibly_not_covered(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:test_type(X,T)

Indicates the type of test that a predicate performs. Required by the nonfailure analyisis.

Usage 1:num_solutions(X,N)

Calls of the form X have N solutions, i.e., N is the cardinality of the solution set of X.

• If the following properties should hold at call time:
  (basic_props:callable/1)X is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.
  (basic_props:int/1)N is an integer.

Usage 2:num_solutions(Goal,Check)

For a call to Goal, Check(X) succeeds, where X is the number of solutions.

• If the following properties should hold at call time:
  (basic_props:callable/1)Goal is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.
  (basic_props:callable/1)Check is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.

Calls of the form produce N solutions, i.e., N is the cardinality of the solution set of X.

Usage:relations(X,N)

Goal X produces N solutions.

• If the following properties should hold at call time:
  (basic_props:callable/1)X is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.
  (basic_props:int/1)N is an integer.
  then the following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:rtcheck/2)The runtime check of this property is unimplemented.

Calls of the form X produce a finite number of solutions [DLGH97].

Usage:finite_solutions(X)

All the calls of the form X have a finite number of solutions.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)finite_solutions(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:solutions(Goal,Sols)

Goal Goal produces the solutions listed in Sols.

• If the following properties should hold at call time:
  (basic_props:callable/1)Goal is a term which represents a goal, i.e., an atom or a structure.
  (basic_props:list/1)Sols is a list.

Usage:no_choicepoints(X)

A call to X does not leave new choicepoints.

Usage:leaves_choicepoints(X)

A call to X leaves new choicepoints.

Usage:size(X,Y)

Y is the size of argument X, for any approximation.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)size(X,Y) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:size(A,X,Y)

Y is the size of argument X, for the approximation A.

• If the following properties should hold at call time:
  (native_props:bound/1)A is a direction of approximation (upper or lower bound).
  then the following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)size(A,X,Y) is not checked during run-time checking.

The minimum size of the terms to which the argument Y is bound is given by the expression Y. Various measures can be used to determine the size of an argument, e.g., list-length, term-size, term-depth, integer-value, etc. [DL93,LGHD96]. See measure_t/1.

Usage:size_lb(X,Y)

Y is a lower bound on the size of argument X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)size_lb(X,Y) is not checked during run-time checking.

The maximum size of the terms to which the argument Y is bound is given by the expression Y. Various measures can be used to determine the size of an argument, e.g., list-length, term-size, term-depth, integer-value, etc. [DL93,LGHD96]. See measure_t/1.

Usage:size_ub(X,Y)

Y is a upper bound on the size of argument X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)size_ub(X,Y) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:size_o(X,Y)

The size of argument X is in the order of the expression Y.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)size_o(X,Y) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:size_metric(Head,Var,Metric)

Metric is the measure used to determine the size of the terms that Var is bound to, for any type of approximation.

• Call and exit should be compatible with:
  (native_props:measure_t/1)Metric is a term size metric.
• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)size_metric(Head,Var,Metric) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:size_metric(Head,Approx,Var,Metric)

Metric is the measure used to determine the size of the terms that variable Var bound to, for the approximation Approx.

• Call and exit should be compatible with:
  (native_props:bound/1)Approx is a direction of approximation (upper or lower bound).
  (native_props:measure_t/1)Metric is a term size metric.
• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)size_metric(Head,Approx,Var,Metric) is not checked during run-time checking.

• int: The size of the term (which is an integer) is the integer value itself.

• length: The size of the term (which is a list) is its length.

• size: The size is the overall of the term (number of subterms).

• depth([_|_]): The size of the term is its depth.

  %% The size of the term is the number of rule %% applications of its type definition.

• void: Used to indicate that the size of this argument should be ignored.

Usage:measure_t(X)

X is a term size metric.

• upper: an upper bound.

• lower: a lower bound.

Usage:bound(X)

X is a direction of approximation (upper or lower bound).

The computation (in resolution steps) spent by any call of the form X is given by the expression Y

Usage:steps(X,Y)

Y is the cost (number of resolution steps) of any call of the form X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)steps(X,Y) is not checked during run-time checking.

The minimum computation (in resolution steps) spent by any call of the form X is given by the expression Y [DLGHL97,LGHD96]

Usage:steps_lb(X,Y)

Y is a lower bound on the cost of any call of the form X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)steps_lb(X,Y) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:steps_o(X,Y)

Y is the complexity order of the cost of any call of the form X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)steps_o(X,Y) is not checked during run-time checking.

The maximum computation (in resolution steps) spent by any call of the form X is given by the expression Y [DL93,LGHD96].

Usage:steps_ub(X,Y)

Y is a upper bound on the cost of any call of the form X.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)steps_ub(X,Y) is not checked during run-time checking.

Calls of the form X always terminate.

Usage:terminates(X)

All calls of the form X terminate.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)terminates(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:exception(Goal)

Calls of the form Goal will throw an (unspecified) exception.

Usage:exception(Goal,E)

Calls to Goal will throw an exception that unifies with E.

Usage:possible_exceptions(Goal,Es)

Calls of the form Goal may throw exceptions, but only the ones that unify with the terms listed in Es.

• If the following properties should hold at call time:
  (basic_props:list/1)Es is a list.
  then the following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:rtcheck/2)The runtime check of this property is unimplemented.

Usage:no_exception(Goal)

Calls of the form Goal do not throw any exception.

Usage:no_exception(Goal,E)

Calls of the form Goal do not throw any exception that unifies with E.

Usage:signal(Goal)

Calls to Goal will send an (unspecified) signal.

Usage:signal(Goal,E)

Calls to Goal will send a signal that unifies with E.

Usage:possible_signals(Goal,Es)

Calls of the form Goal may generate signals, but only the ones that unify with the terms listed in Es.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:rtcheck/2)The runtime check of this property is unimplemented.

Usage:no_signal(Goal)

Calls of the form Goal do not send any signal.

Usage:no_signal(Goal,E)

Calls of the form Goal do not send any signals that unify with E.

Usage:sideff_hard(X)

X has hard side-effects, i.e., those that might affect program execution (e.g., assert/retract).

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)sideff_hard(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:sideff_pure(X)

X is pure, i.e., has no side-effects.

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)sideff_pure(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

Usage:sideff_soft(X)

X has soft side-effects, i.e., those not affecting program execution (e.g., input/output).

• The following properties should hold globally:
  (basic_props:no_rtcheck/1)sideff_soft(X) is not checked during run-time checking.

C contains a list of linear (in)equalities that relate variables and int values. For example, [A < B + 4] is a constraint while [A < BC + 4] or [A = 3.4, B >= C] are not. Used by polyhedra-based analyses.

(True) Usage:constraint(C)

C is a list of linear equations.

• The following properties hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.

Types contains a list with the type associations for each variable, in the form V/[T1,..,TN]. Note that tau is used in object-oriented programs only

(True) Usage:tau(TypeInfo)

Types is a list of associations between variables and list of types

• The following properties hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.

Usage:user_output(Goal,S)

Calls of the form Goal write S to standard output.

(True) Usage:instance(Term1,Term2)

Term1 is an instance of Term2.

• The following properties hold globally:
  (basic_props:native/1)This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP.